How RV Refrigeration Systems Work
A comparison of absorption and compressor-based RV refrigerators and how they cool.
RV refrigerators differ from home units. Most are 'absorption' style, using heat to create cold, while newer ones are 12V compressors. Knowing the difference affects how you use them.
Absorption Refrigerators (Gas/Electric)
These have no compressor. They use a heat source (propane flame or electric element) to circulate an ammonia-based solution. They are silent and run on propane, making them great for boondocking. However, they MUST be level to operate, or the coolant will crystallize and ruin the cooling unit.
12V Compressor Fridges
Becoming common in new RVs, these work like a home fridge but run on 12V battery power. They cool down much faster and don't need to be perfectly level. However, they consume significant battery power, requiring a good battery bank or solar setup for off-grid use.
Residential Style (120V)
Large motorhomes often use standard household fridges powered by an inverter and large battery bank. They offer huge capacity but rely entirely on electrical power availability.
Important Notes
- •Pre-cool absorption fridges for 24 hours before loading food
- •Keep door openings to a minimum to conserve cold air
- •Defrost freezer fins regularly to maintain efficiency
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